Adult Diagnosis of ADHD
A diagnosis of ADHD can alter the lives of adults suffering from the disorder. It can help people recognize the reasons why they struggle in work, family and relationships.
It is often difficult to diagnose because symptoms can overlap. A health care professional or mental health professional will assess the patient and conduct tests.
Symptoms
The person might not be aware that they have ADHD until they reach adulthood or perhaps because teachers and parents were not aware of symptoms at a younger age, or because the demands of college or working caused the disorder to be exposed. Adults who are not treated for ADHD are at a disadvantage in their school, work and social lives. Undiagnosed ADHD can cause numerous issues including relationship problems as well as financial issues.
A mental health professional will review and interview the patient's medical, mental health and personal history, paying special attention to the symptoms in different situations. The patient will describe how these symptoms affect his or her daily life and relationships. It is important that patients are open about their symptoms and not hide them out of embarrassment.
It is also important for the mental health professional to assess whether these symptoms are related to comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and depression, which often coexist with ADHD. These conditions can cause ADHD symptoms worse and interfere with the treatment of the disorder.
If a psychologist or psychiatrist feels that the symptoms of ADHD are being impacted by comorbid conditions, additional cognitive, neuropsychological, or testing for learning disabilities could be utilized to establish an accurate diagnosis. These tests will also aid in determining the extent of functional impairment caused by these conditions. In addition the mental health professional may require an interview with one or more significant people, such as spouses, siblings and coworkers to get an accurate picture of the individual's performance and challenges.
Diagnosis
For adults the diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by a mental health care specialist or doctor who conducts a thorough diagnosis. This involves a thorough interview regarding the history of symptoms and their impact on everyday functioning as well as the presence of any other mental health conditions that could co-occur with ADHD such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, the doctor may ask to speak with significant others--usually the spouse or a close friend -- to help gather more information about the person's behavior.
Getting a proper diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood can be a life-changing event. For many adults, this diagnosis finally provides an explanation for what has always seemed to be "normal" behavior. It's usually a relief to discover that the issues are not simply inattention or forgetfulness.
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-5) requires that adults meet specific criteria for symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. This standard is designed to ensure that individuals get the support and treatment they need. To be eligible for an ADHD diagnosis they must exhibit symptoms for at least a year and cause significant impairment in a variety of settings including school, home or at work with family members or friends or in other activities. The number of symptoms that are required for adults older than 17 has been reduced from six to five.
Maintaining a positive relationship with your primary healthcare provider can be beneficial in identifying ADHD. Many doctors diagnose and treat ADHD in children and refer you to an expert in mental health to evaluate adults.
Treatment
When a person with ADHD is diagnosed, their lives can transform dramatically. They may finally have reasons for their failures in school or a struggle to find relationships or pursue a career. For certain people, a diagnosis may help them overcome the guilt that has been accumulated over the years of their issues going untreated.
Talking to a more info mental health specialist or health care professional is the first step in finding out if you have a diagnosis. They might inquire about family history and then conduct a physical exam to rule out conditions such as sleep disorders or learning disabilities that can cause symptoms similar to ADHD. They can also request the person to complete a list of symptoms.
During the assessment process a doctor may ask to interview a spouse or partner. This can help the non-ADHD spouse or partner gain a better understanding and compassionate attitude towards their loved one's ADHD symptoms which is crucial in improving relationships after a diagnosis. If this isn't an option the therapist may ask acquaintances or colleagues who know the person.
Adults suffering from ADHD are treated primarily with medication. Adult ADHD is treated using stimulants like methylphenidate, Adderall, and dextroamphetamine. Other medications, such as atomoxetine (Strattera(r)) and Guanfacine (Intuniv(r), Tenex(r)) increase the levels of norepinephrine in the brain, and can help improve symptoms of ADHD.
Psychotherapy also is an alternative. Cognitive-behavioral therapies can help patients develop the skills needed to manage their ADHD symptoms. They include time management, self-regulation strategies, organizing strategies of behaviors and emotions and coping strategies for negative feelings and self criticism. Other therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can help adults recognize the automatic or irrational thoughts that can lead to negative behavior and learn ways to overcome them using positive self-talk.
Medication
Many people find that ADHD medication can help alleviate their symptoms. The medication is usually in the form a stimulant, and it works by increasing the activity of the brain in areas that regulate behavior and attention. Methylphenidate is the most popular medication used by adults suffering from ADHD is available in many forms. It is available in immediate-release tablets, or modified-release tablet forms that release the medication over the course of the day. Clonidine is a different type of medication that works by reducing brain activity. It can be taken in pill or liquid form.
When treating adult patients with ADHD The psychiatrist or therapist may review the patient's family history as well as medical history to identify factors that may cause similar symptoms as ADHD. This is crucial as certain medical conditions, such as thyroid problems and seizures can trigger symptoms similar to ADHD. Additionally, certain drugs and nutritional supplements can cause similar symptoms.
During the evaluation, the individual will likely explain their ADHD symptoms to the psychiatrist or therapist. They will be asked to fill out standardized ADHD rating scales and check lists, as well as complete psychological tests that measure working memory, executive functioning (abilities like making decisions and planning), visual and spatial abilities, and reasoning skills.
If the therapist believes ADHD symptoms affect a person's quality of life, he or she will suggest medication. In some cases a therapist may request the spouse or partner of the patient to speak with them about the impact of their ADHD symptoms on their relationship. This step can help to reduce blame between people and lead to healthier, more productive relationships.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD get relief from receiving the diagnosis. It gives them a chance to understand the reasons for their issues at school or at work and to understand how to overcome these challenges. It's also a chance to change negative behaviors and build confidence in themselves.
Counseling can be a great method to build a strong support network. Counseling for ADHD can include psychotherapy (or psychological therapy) and a variety behavior-based interventions. A therapist could create a chart that rewards positive behaviors and imposes consequences for negative behaviors. The therapist could also guide the patient in skills to manage their symptoms, for example, relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditative yoga postures.
Another benefit of counseling is helping people understand and accept their ADHD. It can be difficult to admit you have trouble with paying attention and planning. It can be embarrassing to inform coworkers and supervisors about your ADHD. However, the majority of bosses and teachers will be willing to accommodate to accommodate your needs. They might, for example, allow you to write on a computer instead of paper, or provide an explanation of classroom material.
In addition the therapist can also help you cope with your ADHD through cognitive behavioral therapy which is a type of therapy that helps to change negative thoughts and behavior into positive ones. Counseling for ADHD could also involve marital or family therapy. It teaches family members how to communicate better and resolve problems with someone who has ADHD. People who suffer from ADHD might also be suffering from other mental disorders such as anxiety or depression, and could also have substance abuse problems.