Diagnosing ADHD in the UK
In England, Scotland and Wales, GPs cannot diagnose ADHD. However, they can refer you to a specialist within the NHS for an assessment. This is known as an "right to choose" referral.
A thorough ADHD evaluation can take between 45 and 90 minutes. The psychiatrist may ask to complete questionnaires or provide proof like old school records.
The Assessment
Being diagnosed with ADHD is the first step to managing it effectively. Without one, people don't know how to manage their symptoms and improve their performance at school, work, and in relationships. People who suffer from ADHD show hyperactivity and impulsiveness frequently. Although everyone displays these behaviors occasionally, there are some that are more frequent. They tend to be disorganized, find it hard to plan and are not able to follow instructions. They often delay and find it difficult to meet deadlines, despite their best intentions. They might be physically fidgety, unable to sit still, and find it easy to become distracted even when enjoying a fun pursuit. They may also have trouble with their memory and forget important events or appointments.
Adults are more difficult to recognize than children. The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-V - the mental health manual used by doctors across the world - are designed towards diagnosing children. However, it is much more difficult to identify ADHD symptoms in the adulthood. Instead, the process of assessing relies on a series of interviews with a specialist.
The doctor will inquire about the person's behaviour over their life, taking into account their symptoms and how they have affected their lives. If appropriate and consented to the interview, they may also ask family members or close relatives of the individual. This process is especially useful when testing adults for ADHD. It helps distinguish the condition from other medical conditions such as emotional issues or sleep disorders, as well as autism spectrum disorder.
To allow the assessment to be accurate, the person being assessed must be honest and forthcoming in their answers. They should anticipate spending most of their time answering questions. Bring any paperwork or details that are relevant to your assessment, such as a medical history, allergies and other ailments. They should also be aware that the doctor may need to use a broad range of tests and questionnaires in order to reach an informed decision about the symptoms.
Medication
For adults and children who are struggling with ADHD symptoms, medication can aid in easing their problems. This is typically arranged after an assessment has been made by a specialist such as a psychiatrist or paediatrician. The specialist will discuss with you the most effective treatments options once an assessment has been completed. This may involve medication, therapy or a combination of both.
A psychiatrist will look for clusters of symptoms as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, to make an ADHD diagnosis. They will also consider the impact the symptoms have on your daily life. This includes the effect of the symptoms on your relationships, school, work and other activities at home. They will also take into account the fact that the symptoms have been present since childhood.
The medications for ADHD typically contain stimulants like dexamphetamine and methylphenidate (Ritalin) and they help by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters within the brain. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may start you with the lowest dose and gradually increase it. They will also be watching closely for any adverse effects.
It is crucial to inform your GP if you have a mental health history. This will enable them to determine whether your ADHD symptoms are connected to these conditions.
People with ADHD are more likely to be suffering from comorbid illnesses like anxiety or depression. They are also more likely to experience'meltdowns' which occur when they are overwhelmed with emotions. This is the time when they cry and scream, or run around in a wildly chaotic manner, all at once, like a child having a tantrum.
Certain people with ADHD can develop nosebleeds, stomachaches and headaches. It is therefore essential to check for medical conditions like sleep apnea problems with vision and hearing, thyroid problems and lead poisoning during your assessment. You should also be aware that certain drinks and foods could trigger symptoms similar to ADHD. It is recommended to stay away from caffeine, sugary and processed foods as well as artificial flavors and colours. During an assessment your psychiatrist will be able advise you on the best approach to managing your ADHD symptoms.
Shared Management
Unmanaged ADHD symptoms can cause many people to experience difficulties at work or in relationships. These problems can have a direct impact on their physical wellbeing and health. Therefore, it is crucial that they receive the appropriate treatment and support by a healthcare professional who has the training and expertise in the management of ADHD.
The NHS provides a variety of services to children and young people suffering from ADHD which includes assessment, medication and support. The service is provided by healthcare professionals who have completed specialist training in ADHD management including Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatrists. The assessment of young and children with ADHD may include conducting a detailed psychosocial and developmental history, observation; use of standardised questionnaires; and psychological tests. It could also involve consultation with family members and carers.
In the UK those seeking help for ADHD often encounter a network of gatekeepers who can facilitate or hinder access to treatment and diagnosis. The attitude and understanding of gatekeepers, as well the accessibility of services, will influence the ease with which a child or young person suffering from ADHD can get through the system.
The attendees of the meeting expressed concern about the long waiting times for CAMHS services and the low rejection rates for adolescents with ADHD. It is also possible that when patients do finally get seen they will be offered interventions that aren't tailored to their specific needs. Representatives from charities have reported anecdotal instances of children who here suffer from severe comorbidities (such as self-harming behaviors and eating disorders) being denied treatment for these issues on the basis that they were symptomatic of their ADHD rather than being a sign of mental distress and a need for immediate intervention.
Doctors can refer patients for an ADHD assessment, but their ability to offer treatment is limited. They are accountable for diagnosing the condition, and refer patients to specialists if needed. Based on their experience and experience in the field, the GP might suggest the use of behavioural therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat ADHD symptoms. They might also suggest that the person seek private help from a psychologist that specializes in this particular area of mental illness.
Support
In the UK, GPs can assess whether ADHD is likely and refer patients to specialists for further evaluation. This includes a complete medical history as well as a look at other health issues such as depression or anxiety. It's important to also consider other causes, such as food allergies that could make symptoms worse.
When a diagnosis is confirmed, a medication can be prescribed to ease symptoms. This could include taking tablets or talking therapy. In certain instances, diet changes can also help manage symptoms. People suffering from ADHD find it hard to get the help they require. It's important to choose a service you trust and who takes the time to get to know your requirements. Joining an online support group for people suffering from ADHD, or getting assistance and support from family members and friends is a great idea. They'll be able to talk about their experiences and brainstorm strategies in conjunction.
Adults suffering from ADHD might have a difficult time getting the right diagnosis or treatment, as some healthcare professionals are predisposed to what ADHD "looks" like. This could make it more difficult for those who belong to minorities, like people of color or assigned female at birth, to get an assessment.
Adults may seek private ADHD assessments to avoid delays and obstructions in NHS services, and also to receive a diagnostic that they can apply for specialist support. However, GPs and other healthcare professionals have reasonable concerns about the legitimacy of diagnoses that are made privately and may not approve treatment in accordance with these diagnoses.
To help reduce the severity of these issues it is possible to offer training to primary care professionals in order to improve their understanding of ADHD and its consequences on adults. It is also essential to offer clear paths for those who would like to receive support and treatment.
When their symptoms are controlled individuals with ADHD are able to enjoy a good quality of life. They can achieve more and are more likely than their peers who do not have ADHD to do well in school and at work. It's crucial to discuss your ADHD management with your family, teachers and friends.